Grammar

Who does something, and what is affected? Only masculine nouns change: der → den, ein → einen.

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German has several plural patterns. Learn each noun together with its plural.

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es gibt says that something exists. It is always followed by the accusative: Es gibt einen Park.

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Say who does something: ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr and Sie.

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Say whose something is: mein Bruder, deine Tasche, unser Haus.

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Komm! Kommt! Kommen Sie! Three forms for three ways of saying “you”.

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können, müssen, wollen, dürfen, möchten: say what you can, must, want and may do.

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Ich habe gelernt. Ich bin gefahren. haben or sein in position 2, the Partizip II at the end.

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aufstehen, einkaufen, anrufen: the prefix goes to the end of the sentence.

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Five small words that are always followed by the dative: dem, der, dem, den.

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Staying in a place uses the dative, going to a place uses the accusative.

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am for days and parts of the day, um for clock times, im for months and seasons, von … bis for a period.

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Say “no” the right way: kein for nouns, nicht for everything else.

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wer, was, wo, woher, wohin, wann, wie, warum, wie viel: ask for exactly what you want to know.

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The verb is in position 2, questions turn things around, and some verbs move to the end.

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Four words that join two sentences. They stand in position 0, so the word order after them does not change.

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